Publications
Short-Run Effects of Parental Job Loss on Child Health (with Jessamyn Schaller)
American Journal of Health Economics (2019). Links: AJHE | NBER Working Paper No. 21745 | Policy Brief (CPR, UC Davis)
Abstract: Recent research suggests that parental job loss has negative effects on children's outcomes, including their academic achievement and long-run educational and labor market outcomes. In this paper we turn our attention to the effects of parental job loss on children's health. We combine health data from 16 waves of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, which allows us to use a fixed effects specification and still have a large sample of parental job displacements. We find that paternal job loss is harmful to children's physical and mental health, particularly among children in low-socioeconomic status (SES) families. By contrast, we find that maternal job loss does not have detrimental effects on child health. Increases in public health insurance coverage compensate for close to half of the loss in private coverage that follows parental displacement, and we find no significant changes in medical care utilization.
American Journal of Health Economics (2019). Links: AJHE | NBER Working Paper No. 21745 | Policy Brief (CPR, UC Davis)
Abstract: Recent research suggests that parental job loss has negative effects on children's outcomes, including their academic achievement and long-run educational and labor market outcomes. In this paper we turn our attention to the effects of parental job loss on children's health. We combine health data from 16 waves of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, which allows us to use a fixed effects specification and still have a large sample of parental job displacements. We find that paternal job loss is harmful to children's physical and mental health, particularly among children in low-socioeconomic status (SES) families. By contrast, we find that maternal job loss does not have detrimental effects on child health. Increases in public health insurance coverage compensate for close to half of the loss in private coverage that follows parental displacement, and we find no significant changes in medical care utilization.
Working Papers
Dynamic Incentives in Retirement Earnings-Replacement Benefits (with Andres Dean and Sebastian Fleitas)
R&R Review of Economics and Statistics. Links: Latest version | IZA DP No. 12982
Abstract: We analyze dynamic incentives created in pension systems by the use of a small set of final years of earnings to compute benefits. Using social security administrative records and household surveys from Uruguay, we show that self-employed workers and employees of small firms respond to these incentives by increasing reported income in the benefit-calculation window. We find that these responses are explained by decreases in underreporting of earnings and not changes in total earnings or hours worked. Back of the envelope calculations estimate this behavior increases the cost of pensions for these workers by between 1.9% and 2.6%.
R&R Review of Economics and Statistics. Links: Latest version | IZA DP No. 12982
Abstract: We analyze dynamic incentives created in pension systems by the use of a small set of final years of earnings to compute benefits. Using social security administrative records and household surveys from Uruguay, we show that self-employed workers and employees of small firms respond to these incentives by increasing reported income in the benefit-calculation window. We find that these responses are explained by decreases in underreporting of earnings and not changes in total earnings or hours worked. Back of the envelope calculations estimate this behavior increases the cost of pensions for these workers by between 1.9% and 2.6%.
Short and Medium Run Impacts of Preschool Education: Evidence from State Pre-K Programs
Under review. Links: Latest version available upon request | Equitable Growth WP No. 1204 | Coverage by Equitable Growth
Abstract: I study the effects of state preschool programs on child development, health, and academic progress from ages 5 to 15. Using data from state legislatures and two national household surveys, I leverage variation in the timing of implementation of pre-K programs across states to look at the causal effects of pre-K on child outcomes, while controlling for state and time fixed effects, as well as differential policies and trends across states. This empirical strategy allows me to evaluate the intent-to-treat effects of a large and nationally representative set of universal and targeted pre-K programs, and characterize the dynamics of the effects on child outcomes along 11 years after preschool age, as well as their heterogeneity across universal and targeted programs. I find very robust evidence that availability of a pre-K program, and especially universal pre-K, improves developmental outcomes in the short-run and causes persistent reductions in grade repetition for children from low-income families. My results also suggest increased missed days of school due to illness in the short run, although I find no direct evidence of worse health. I provide bounds for policy-relevant local average treatment effects, which would imply large effects if there are no spillover effects on children who do not attend pre-K.
Under review. Links: Latest version available upon request | Equitable Growth WP No. 1204 | Coverage by Equitable Growth
Abstract: I study the effects of state preschool programs on child development, health, and academic progress from ages 5 to 15. Using data from state legislatures and two national household surveys, I leverage variation in the timing of implementation of pre-K programs across states to look at the causal effects of pre-K on child outcomes, while controlling for state and time fixed effects, as well as differential policies and trends across states. This empirical strategy allows me to evaluate the intent-to-treat effects of a large and nationally representative set of universal and targeted pre-K programs, and characterize the dynamics of the effects on child outcomes along 11 years after preschool age, as well as their heterogeneity across universal and targeted programs. I find very robust evidence that availability of a pre-K program, and especially universal pre-K, improves developmental outcomes in the short-run and causes persistent reductions in grade repetition for children from low-income families. My results also suggest increased missed days of school due to illness in the short run, although I find no direct evidence of worse health. I provide bounds for policy-relevant local average treatment effects, which would imply large effects if there are no spillover effects on children who do not attend pre-K.
Work in Progress
Means-Tested Programs and the Distribution of Reported Earnings in a Context of High Informality (with Marco Manacorda and Andrea Vigorito).
Children's health insurance coverage and health expenses after parental job loss: Are families landing in or falling through the safety net? (with Chloe East, Elira Kuka and Jessamyn Schaller)
